Irregular Preterite Verbs Hacer Tener Estar Poder Continued
The preterite tense in Spanish is one of the more difficult past tenses to master, even with regular verbs. Today, we take you through the list of irregular verbs in the preterite tense.
In this post, we cover the following:
A recap of the past tense in Spanish
How to conjugate irregular preterite verbs in Spanish
Spanish stem changing verbs in the preterite tense
Oh, by the way, this is me! My name is James, I'm a Spanish tutor and the author of most of the language material on this site.
The book I'm holding, Barron's 501 Spanish Verbs, is the book I used to learn over 500 regular, irregular and reflexive verbs in multiple tenses. I highly recommend it! You can get your copy below 🙂
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How to Conjugate Irregular Preterite Verbs in Spanish
All verbs listed in this post are irregular in one way or another. If you don't understand how to conjugate these irregular verbs then you'll find an explanation below.
However, the level of irregularity varies. Some verbs require only slight changes, whilst others undergo drastic changes. There are also several verbs, many of which are the most commonly used, which do not abide by any set of rules.
We have split these groups of irregular verbs into the following categories:
⭐ Verbs that undergo drastic changes: Dar, Ir, Ser, Ver, Hacer
⭐ Verbs that require a stem change, but use regular endings
⭐ IR verbs which require a stem change
⭐ Verbs ending in -ucir
⭐ Verbs which are irregular solely in the 'yo' form
Verbs that undergo drastic changes
The first irregular preterite verbs in Spanish to learn are those which follow no set of rules or grammar pattern whatsoever. These verbs are the most commonly used verbs in the preterite tense in Spanish. They are as follows:
Ser
Ir
Dar
Hacer
Ver
| Subject | Verb: Ser (to be) | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | fui | I was |
| Tú | fuiste | You were |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fue | He / She was |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | fuimos | We were |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | fuisteis | You were |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fueron | They were |
| Subject | Verb: Ir (to go) | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | fui | I went |
| Tú | fuiste | You went |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fue | He / She went |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | fuimos | We went |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | fuisteis | You went |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fueron | They went |
⭐ NOTE: You'll see that the verbs SER and IR are identical when conjugated in the preterite tense.
This may seem strange if you are yet to use these verbs in the past tense. A relatively straightforward way to remember which verb to use in the right context is to note that the verb Ir is used when something moves from one place to another.
When this is the case, it will usually require the use of prepositions such as the "a", or "para". However, if a location is already mentioned then the use of a preposition is not necessary.
We'll take a look at the examples below.
I went to see my friend – Fui a ver a mi amigo.
I was his friend for many years – Fui su amigo por muchos años.
By using these verbs a few times, or hearing them in conversation, you'll soon get used to them.
Let's continue with the other verbs which undergo drastic changes in the preterite tense.
| Subject | Verb: Dar (to give) | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | dí | I gave |
| Tú | diste | You gave |
| Él / Ella / Usted | dio | He / She gave |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | dimos | We gave |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | disteis | You gave |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | dieron | They gave |
| Subject | Verb: Hacer (to do / to make) | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hice | I did / made |
| Tú | hiciste | You did / made |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hizo | He / She did / made |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | hicimos | We did / made |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | hicisteis | You did / made |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hicieron | They did / made |
| Subject | Verb: Ver (to see) | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ví | I saw |
| Tú | viste | You saw |
| Él / Ella / Usted | vio | He / She saw |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | vimos | We saw |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | visteis | You saw |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vieron | They saw |
So, you now have a list of irregular preterite tense verbs in Spanish. In order to learn them, try writing them down and put them into context using everyday scenarios. We will now move on to look at stem changing verbs in the preterite tense.
Whilst these verbs are still irregular, you should notice that they follow fixed patterns. They should, therefore, be easier for you to remember.
Spanish verbs which require a stem change
The following verbs require a stem change (meaning that the middle of the conjugated form changes) but follow the same endings. This may sound complicated, but it actually makes these verbs easier to learn in the preterite tense.
| Subject | Verb Endings | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | - é | I |
| Tú | - iste | You |
| Él / Ella / Usted | - o | He / She / You |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | - imos | We |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | - isteis | You |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | - ieron | They / You |
You'll notice that these endings are almost identical to regular preterite tense endings. Take a look at the next table below. All you need to do is add the endings to the following relevant stems.
| Verbs | Preterite Stem | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Andar | Anduv- | To walk |
| Caber | Cup- | To fit |
| Estar | Estuv- | To be |
| Haber | Hub- | To have (auxiliary verb) |
| Poder | Pud- | To be able to |
| Poner | Pus- | To put |
| Querer | Quis- | To want |
| Saber | Sup- | To know |
| Tener | Tuv- | To have |
| Venir | Vin- | To come |
What is the Past Tense in Spanish?
If you're studying irregular preterite verbs in Spanish, it's likely that you are already familiar with the past tense. Nevertheless, we'll begin with a quick recap, given that it's so easy to confuse the preterite and imperfect tenses.
In the indicative mood (making a statement or asking a question with use of a verb) there are two ways to speak about the past tense. These are the preterite (also known as the simple past) tense and the imperfect tense.
The Spanish preterite tense is used to describe actions which have been carried out or completed at a specific point in the past. For example:
'Juan se fue al estadio.' – Juan went to the stadium.
The imperfect tense is used to describe habitual or continuous actions in the past with no specific beginning or end. For example:
'Juan iba al estadio.'– Juan used to go / was going to the stadium.
It's important to know the nuances between past tenses, particularly when writing essays in Spanish. Spanish speakers are a little more forgiving with mistakes when speaking.
Make sure you learn the irregular preterite form of both ser and estar when using the past tense.
Irregular Preterite Verbs Ending In -IR which require a stem change
If you have already learned how to use the simple present tense in Spanish then this will become easier for you. Stem changing IR verbs in the simple present tense also require a change in the preterite tense.
The good news is that once the stem changes, you use the same preterite endings for all regular IR verbs.
Before we elaborate on this point, we'll review the endings for IR verbs in the preterite tense.
| Subject | Verb Endings | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | - í | I |
| Tú | - iste | You |
| Él / Ella / Usted | - ió | He / She / You |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | - imos | We |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | - isteis | You |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | - ieron | They / You |
This should all seem relatively easy.
⭐ NOTE: Remember that Spanish IR verbs which change stem in the simple present tense will also change in the preterite. However, this is only applicable for the personal pronouns: él,ella,usted,ustedes,ellos,ellas.
⭐ Changes in Preterite Tense
From (e) – to (i)
From (o) to (u)
We can see some examples of these preterite tense endings below.
| Personal Pronoun | Repetir (to repeat) | Morir (to die) |
|---|---|---|
| e - i | o - u | |
| Yo | repetí | morí |
| Tú | repetiste | moriste |
| Él / Ella / Usted | repitió | murió |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | repetimos | morimos |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | repetisteis | moristeis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | repitieron | murieron |
Other Spanish verbs which require this change
To have fun – Divertirse
To sleep – Dormir
To lie – Mentir
To ask for – Pedir
To prefer – Preferir
To feel – Sentir
To suggest – Sugerir
To wear/to get dressed – Vestir/se
Note: The stem change is the same even for reflexive verbs.
Irregular Preterite Verbs Ending In -UCIR
You'll know by now that there are several common Spanish verbs which end in -ucir in the infinitive form.
The verbs below require the following endings in the preterite tense:
To drive – Conducir
To produce – Producir
To translate – Traducir
To bring – Traer
To say – Decir
| Personal Pronoun | Verb Ending | Conducir (to drive) |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | - je | conduje |
| Tú | - jiste | condujiste |
| Él / Ella / Usted | - jo | condujo |
| Nosotros / Nosotras | - jimos | condujimos |
| Vosotros / Vosotras | - jisteis | condujisteis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | - jeron | condujeron |
Irregular Preterite Verbs in the 'Yo' form
Finally, in order to master your use of the preterite tense in Spanish, you'll need to learn the verbs which are irregular solely in the first person singular form.
Whilst this requires a change of spelling, the pronunciation remains the same.
There are three categories of verbs affected by this rule:
⭐ Verbs ending in -car change c to qu
⭐ Verbs ending in -gar change g to gu
⭐ Verbs ending in -zar change z to c
Learn Spanish Irregular Preterite Verbs
This post should have provided you with some clarity relating to irregular preterite tense verbs in Spanish. Unlike the imperfect and pluperfect tense, the preterite tense is a little tricky and will require additional practice.
Additionally, the video below should help you; it summarizes the content of this post.
Irregular Preterite Verbs in Spanish – Practice
Hace dos meses mi hermano y yo (ir) ____ a Argentina.
Anoche, mi esposa (cocinar) ____ una cena deliciosa con albóndigas.
Mi hermano (ser) ____ un buen estudiante. Siempre sacaba buenas notas en las pruebas de inglés.
Mi familia (tener) ____ abandonar sus estudios, porque eran muy caros.
Mi familia no (traer) ____ nada de comida a la fiesta.
La película (comenzar) hace una hora. (Llegar) (Tú) ____ muy tarde.
Al fin (encontrar) (yo) ____ mi celuar. Lo había dejado en la cocina.
Mi mujer me (pedir) ____ una casa nueva.
Alejandra no (traducir) el documento completo.
Hace un par de años mi hermano y yo (viajar) a España de vacaciones. (Ser) ___ un viaje genial.
Answers
Hace dos meses mi hermano y yo fuimosa Argentina.
Anoche, mi esposa cocinó una cena deliciosa con albóndigas.
Mi hermanofue un buen estudiante. Siempre sacaba buenas notas en las pruebas de inglés.
Mi familia tuvo que abandonar sus estudios, porque eran muy caros.
Mi familia notrajo nada de comida a la fiesta.
La películacomenzó hace una hora. Llegaste muy tarde.
Al finencontré mi celular. Lo había dejado en la cocina.
Mi mujer me pidió una casa nueva.
Alejandra no tradujo el documento completo.
Hace un par de años mi hermano y yo viajamosa España de vacaciones. Fue un viaje genial.
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Source: https://travel-lingual.com/irregular-preterite-verbs/
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